Table of Contents
- Laser Classifications
- IEC 60825-1 Laser Classifications
Laser Classifications
Lasers are categorized into classes based on their potential hazards. Dangerous laser classes are 3B and 4, which require additional safety measures depending on local laser safety regulations. The manufacturer is responsible for ensuring the correct classification of laser lights, and this classification applies specifically to the laser system, not the potential hazardousness of audience scanning. In audience areas, the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) must not be exceeded, even with high-powered laser beam lights such as Class 4 lasers in the visible spectrum. All laser lights offered by Laserworld emit in the visible spectrum and operate as continuous-wave lasers, meaning they are safe when appropriate measures are in place.
Laser class specifications relate to AR (Accessible Radiation), whereas the MPE refers to the maximum allowable radiation hitting the audience. Typically, the MPE is aligned with the standard of Laser Class 2.
IEC 60825-1 Laser Classifications
According to the IEC 60825-1:07-2015 standard, the following are the primary laser classes:
Class 1: Class 1 lasers are not hazardous under normal conditions, even when viewed with optical instruments. These laser show projectors are encapsulated to prevent access to radiation, ensuring no eye damage. These lasers are usually used in environments where safety is critical, such as in high-quality lighting equipment for entertainment and performances.
Class 1M: Class 1M lasers emit beams within the range of 302.5 nm to 4000 nm, which can be either widened or divergent. The total power limit is 500mW, which is the same as the threshold for Class 3B. Although safe for general viewing, optical instruments such as binoculars or telescopes may concentrate the beam and exceed Class 1 limits, posing a risk. The manufacturer must indicate which optical instruments could cause harm.
Class 1C: Class 1C lasers, introduced in IEC 60825-1:07-2015, are designed for direct contact with the skin, like laser hair removal, tattoo removal, or acne treatments. These laser systems must not emit radiation that exceeds Class 1 levels. Safety sensors, often using the electrical conductivity of human skin, are incorporated to ensure the lasers operate only when safely used.
Class 2: Class 2 lasers emit visible radiation not exceeding 1mW. Accidental exposure to the beam (e.g., a brief glance) does not cause eye damage due to the natural reflex to look away. However, intentionally looking into the beam can be dangerous, as the protective reflex of blinking or turning away may not trigger.
Class 2M: Class 2M lasers emit a visible beam (400-700nm) and are either widened or divergent. The power limit is 500mW, but when viewed with optical instruments, the beam may become hazardous. The manufacturer should provide guidance on which optical instruments can cause harm, as the divergence can exceed Class 2 limits.
Class 3R: Class 3R lasers emit visible light within a power range of up to five times the limit of Class 1 for invisible radiation or five times the limit of Class 2 for visible radiation (up to 5mW). These lasers require fewer safety precautions compared to Class 3B and Class 4 lasers but can still damage the eye. Caution should be exercised, especially when directly viewing the beam.
Class 3B: Class 3B lasers emit continuous wave (CW) power up to 500mW. Direct exposure to the beam can cause serious eye damage. However, when viewing the laser beam's spot on a diffuse surface (e.g., a wall), eye damage is not likely, provided the exposure is brief. Warning: Directly viewing the beam or its specular reflections (from mirrors or shiny surfaces) can cause permanent damage to the eyes.
Class 4: Class 4 lasers are the most dangerous, with no power limits. These lasers can cause severe eye and skin damage through both direct and indirect exposure. They can also produce harmful radiation, including toxic fumes from certain materials, and ignite flammable substances. When using laser show projectors or high-powered laser lights in live shows or parties, Class 4 lasers require the highest level of safety precautions to protect both operators and the audience from the risk of injury or fire hazards.
